Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. It can stay underground for hundreds of thousands of years, or it can come to the surface and help fill rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. The heat of the sun evaporates 340,000 cubic kilometres of fresh water from the ocean every year. Cartoon on the main contamination sources and water paths through the soil and the watertable aquifer, in an area with rural, industrial and urban influence. It causes health problems in humans and animals, damages plants, pollutes water, threatens aquatic life, deteriorates infrastructure, and reduces visibility. A series of physical, chemical and biological treatment methods have been developed to remove the pollutants in water and wastewater. Groundwater pollution also called groundwater contamination occurs when pollutants are released to the ground and make their way down into groundwater.
Trends in groundwater pollution groundwater governance. Now the media regularly reports on the falling quality of the environment. The course book on soil and groundwater pollution from agricultural activities introduces the reader. The major causes of water pollution include sewage and other oxygendemanding wastes, urbanization, agrochemical wastes, thermal pollution, industrial wastes, nutrient enrichment, acid rain. No attempt is made to cover air and water pollution, solid waste disposal or noise pollution in a rigorous way. Useful book is there any hard copy available for this book. Materials topic sheets pages 5 9 poster paper or dry erase board 1 per group. In the united states industry is the greatest source of pollution, accounting for more than half the volume of all water pollution and for the most deadly pollutants.
Water pollution facts, types, causes and effects of water. To begin to address pollution prevention or reme diation, we must understand. Environmental education as a solution tool for the. About 51 percent of the nations population depends on ground water for domestic uses. Abstract water is life for all but this water is polluting day by day in severe condition. Industrial pollution in the united states industry is the greatest source of pollution, accounting for more than half the volume of all water pollution and for.
Groundwater pollution occurs when used water is returned to the hydrological cycle. Technology has begun to solve some pollution problems, and public awareness of the extent of pollution will eventually make government bodies to be more proactive rather than. These books have all been influential, and as a result, all stand as testaments to the cascading influence one person can have. Sources of groundwater pollution water treatment and. Chapter 2 a screening approach to simulation of aquifer contamination by fuel. Some of thecommon methods used for wastewater treatment, including sewage treatment anddrinking water purification, have also been discussed in this book. In addition, most pollution of groundwater is anthropo. This is a book about environmental engineering for nontechnical students.
Because of this slow movement, contaminants tend to remain concentrated in the form of a plumesee figure 1 that flows along the same path as the ground water. Pointsource is considered when contaminants are discharged from a discrete location which could be found in oil spills water pollution, 2002. But the demands of a growing human population on this supply is without bounds. Ideas for how to conserve water and keep water clean are presented. Economic concepts and approaches, by national research council water science and technology board page images and partial html at nap filed under. Ground water is water that fills pores and fractures in the ground, much as milk. The water pollution caused by pesticides, heavy metals, radio nuclides and toxic organics and inorganic along with the water quality problems associated with waterborne pathogens and nuisance algae have also been dealt with extensively. Water pollution is a major global problem that requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels from international down to individual aquifers and wells. The new true books have been produced to fill a very important need. When the aquifer is full, and the water table meets the surface of the ground, water stored in the aquifer can appear at the land surface as a spring or seep. Ii technologies for water pollution control wang jianlong encyclopedia of life support systems eolss quantity. Air pollution has negative impacts on the environment in which we live. The number and intensity or strength of nps pollution activities within the source area of a well or a spring. There are two types of groundwater pollution sources.
Guidance on social costbenefit analysis of drinkingwater interventions, with special reference to small community water supplies london. Aquifers get water from precipitation rain and snow that filters through the unsaturated zone. This dearth of oxygen, known as eutrophication, suffocates plants and animals and can create dead zones. We can illustrate this by showing that the infinite ocean is quite limited. Groundwater contamination the national academies press. When ground water becomes contaminated, it is difficult and expensive to clean up. Water quality assessments a guide to use of biota, sediments and water in. Groundwater contamination and remediation mdpi books. The degree of groundwater pollution depends on a number of factors. Water pollution in rivers contd graphical determination of bod constants laboratory measurement of bod do sag. We are all aware that our environment is not what it used to be.
This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. The nitrogen glut is examined along with dead zones, now a problem of global dimensions. Children are by nature inquisitive and these factfilled books provide answers to many basic questions. Fresh water pollution may be classified into two types. Although these terms may be useful when speaking metaphorically about ground water, they are far from accurate. Ground water pollution control 1st edition by canter author 5. These are closely interconnected and may influence each other directly, or through intermediate stages, as shown in table 1. The surface water pollution has a number of sources. Soil and groundwater pollution download ebook pdf, epub. Filled with color photographs, this book explains how water becomes polluted and how water pollution affects plants and animals. This type of water pollution can also occur naturally due to the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent, contaminant or impurity in the groundwater, in which case it is more likely referred to as contamination rather than pollution. Water pollution can be categorized into two main divisions of pointsource pollution and nonpointsource of diffuse pollution water pollution, 2002.
It can also lead to acid rain, global warming, and smog. Another classification of groundwater pollution sources also includes point and nonpoint sources. Aquifers can also receive water from surface waters like lakes and rivers. We ourselves feel the impact of the falling quality of air and water in our lives. This book is a printed edition of the special issue groundwater contamination and remediation that was published in water.
Figure 1 shows significant parts of the complex geologic cycle that are relevant to groundwater pollution. List of books and articles about water pollution online. Environmental education as a solution tool for the prevention of water pollution. Owa department of integrated science, federal college of education, okene, kogi state, nigeria phone. Groundwater pollution, volume 4 1st edition elsevier. Pollution of water by human faeces, for example, is attributable to only one source, but the reasons for this type of. Environment and environmental studies water quality. Download a pdf of groundwater contamination by the national research council for free. Chapters 9 and 10 examine water pollution and drinkingwater pollution, respectively. Comparison of groundwater use with total water use in the united states, 1995 total water use in bgald 40 9 4 26 2 341 209 groundwater 15 6 49 6 1 76 75.
Track changes publication series 4 book 5 impacts of. Dry holes and cesspools introduce wastes directly into the ground. Environmental pollution control contains a layer of ozone that is beneficial, because it protects organisms from harmful ultravioletb uvb solar radiation. Each of the three principal types of water body has distinctly different hydrodynamic properties.
It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. Jagals, and katherine pond pdf with commentary at t. Finally, p2 means also seeing the financial benefits of increased efficiency in the use of raw materials, energy, water. Environmental pollution usually occurs as a result of energy conversions and the use of resources which leaves their byproducts behind in water, soil or air. Pdf groundwater pollution and remediation researchgate.
Pollution 127 fish and other aquatic life, reduce crop yields and accelerate corrosion of equipment that use this water. This type of water pollution can also occur naturally due to the presence of a. Groundwater contamination by organic pollutants books. Our elders talk about the blue sky, clean water and fresh air that was available in their times. Contamination is defined as the introduction of any undesirable physical, chemical or microbiological material into a water source. Underground water constitutes the major water source for most of these areas. It is following best management practices, and involving all employees in their implementation, to reduce and prevent pollution.
In addition to the acute problems of water pollution. Principles and problems of environmental pollution of groundwater. The best books on pollution recommended by rebecca altman one of the themes that i hope shines through is the significance of the act of witnessing. The definition of groundwater vulnerability is presented in the book as being. Just as ground water generally moves slowly, so do contaminants in ground water. They use them to find out about special things that interest them. Students use the new true books for supplementary work in their classes. As a result, concentrations of nps pollutants typically vary significantly from well to well, making it difficult to delineate the contamination plumes. Causes, consequences, prevention method and role of wbphed with special reference from murshidabad district rozina khatun research scholar, department of geography, tilka manjhi bhagalpur university, bihar, india. This underground water is called ground water and supplies.
When water pollution causes an algal bloom in a lake or marine environment, the proliferation of newly introduced nutrients stimulates plant and algae growth, which in turn reduces oxygen levels in the water. The energy and resources institute teri format available. This book is based on recent views, ideas and contributionsof some of the worlds leading ecologists, with special reference to comprehensiveinformation on water pollution, regarding their source, effects and control. The book covers in detail the flow measurement and characterization of waste waters in industries, and. Water quality in the two bodies of water is also subject to different influences. Chapter 9 emphasizes nonpoint source pollution, and the dif. As with surface water pollution, there is a large natural variability in the generation and fate of groundwater nps pollution. Groundwater accounts for nearly 95 percent of the nations fresh water resources. Completely redesigned for todays young investigative reader, true books are an indispensable addition to any collection. This study on ground water contains the following topics. As a class, discuss the need for water pollution prevention, at school and in the community. Any of these forms of disposal can lead to contamination of underground sources of drinking water. Some point sources of water pollution include factories sewage system power plants underground coalmines oil wells are direct sources of water pollution and.